Background:
Present day Benin was the site of Dahomey, a prominent West African kingdom that rose in the 15th century. The territory became a French Colony in 1872 and achieved independence on 1 August 1960, as the Republic of Benin. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered in former Prime Minister Nicephore SOGLO as president, marking the first successful transfer of power in Africa from a dictatorship to a democracy. KEREKOU was returned to power by elections held in 1996 and 2001, though some irregularities were alleged. KEREKOU stepped down at the end of his second term in 2006 and was succeeded by Thomas YAYI Boni, a political outsider and independent.

Borders:

Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km

Population:

8,438,853

GDP per capita:

$508.06 per capita

Capital with population:

Porto-Novo (official) - 177,660; Cotonou (de facto capital) - 33,212

Largest city with population:

Porto-Novo - 177,660